https://www.reprodgroup.us/journals/international-journal-of-sexual-and-reproductive-health-care A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 17 Jan, 2025 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-8-150.php Objective: Infertility is one of the most common reasons for consultation in gynecology services. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of women’s infertility in Garoua City, North region, Cameroon in other to guide its prevention and treatment. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the gynecology services of Military and Regional Hospitals of Garoua and women coming for medical consultations were included. The variables studied including socio-demographic characteristics, style of life, and infertility statuses were assessed using a well-structured and validated questionnaire. Mycoplasma infections were assessed in vaginal swabs using Mycoplasma Culturing, Identification Kit whereas, chlamydia infections were detected in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kit. Hormone levels including follicle-stimulating (FSH), luteinizing (LH), and estradiol bloods serum were determined by Immunofluorescence. Results: A prevalence rate of 9.52% (n = 62) of women infertility was recorded in this study. Primary infertility was more prevalent (58%) compared to secondary infertility (42%). The lifestyle mode of the women with infertility revealed the presence of those with high body mass index (22.6%), alcohol consumption (22.6%), and obesity (8.1%). U. urealyticum and C. trachomatis infections were the most common with 29.9% (n = 18) and 27.4% (n = 17) respectively. The hormonal mean values of 6.84 ± 5.41 IU/L, 12.44 ± 10.99 IU/L, 12.59 ± 6.21 pg/L, and 1.8 for FSH, LH, Estradiol and LH/FSH ratio respectively were found. Most women with infertility had normal hormone values of 79%, 74.2%, and 67.7% for FSH, Estradiol, and LH respectively (Table 5). High values of LH (27.4%) FSH (6.5%), and Estradiol (6.5%) and low values of Estradiol (19.4%), FSH (14.5%), and LH (4.8%) were also recorded. Conclusion: Considering various associated factors for women’s infertility, this showed the important contribution of lifestyle mode, sexually transmitted diseases, the variability on the hormone balance, and LH/FSH ratio. 29 Oct, 2024 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-7-149.php Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the most common bacterial infections in pregnant women are urinary tract infections (46%) and vaginal infections (26%). Pregnant women are at risk of contracting these dangerous urogenital bacterial infections, with more or less serious consequences for the health of both mother and child. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of urogenital bacterial infections in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. Methodology: A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted from May 13 to June 14, 2024, at Douala Laquintinie Hospital. All pregnant women attending antenatal clinics regardless of gestational trimester and consenting to the study were included. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20, R 3.4, and Epi info 7.8. Chi-square, Fischer, and logistic regression tests were performed. Results: A total of 153 pregnant were included in this study. The incidence of urogenital infections in this population was 42%. Infectious agents were E-coli (18.95%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.83%), Gardnerella vaginalis (24.44%), and Streptococcus B (2.22%). Self-medication (OR=17.72; p = 0.0003), drying underwear inside the house (OR=6.53; p = 0.00081), use of traditional toilets (OR=2.65; p = 0.00001), surgical history (OR=2.10; p = 0.01), vaccination status (OR=2.11; p = 0.003), use of borehole and well water (OR=0.02; p = 0.002), frequency of sanitary pad changing (OR=1.13; p = 0.011), frequency of sexual intercourse (OR=1.32; p = 0.012), traditional purging (OR=0.06; p = 0.0001), poor personal hygiene (OR=0.2; p = 0.0031), multiple sexual partners (OR=1.8; p = 0.022) and tight underwear (OR=0.4; p = 0.01) were associated with the occurrence of urogenital bacterial infections. Conclusion: Urogenital bacterial infections during pregnancy are dangerous. Knowledge of the factors associated with their occurrence will enable the implementation of appropriate control strategies against these infections. 12 Aug, 2024 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-7-148.php Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze recent research trends and findings related to postpartum sexual dysfunctions, with a particular focus on the application and impact of the EX-PLISSIT model. The analysis encompasses an examination of publication patterns, field-specific contributions, indexing, geographical distribution, author networks, and keyword trends Methods: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted utilizing data from the Web of Science database, encompassing 19,206 publications. The analysis encompassed a review of publication volumes by year, field-specific research focus, indexing types, countries, author collaborations, and keyword frequencies, with particular attention to studies utilizing the EX-PLISSIT model in counseling. Results: The findings indicate a notable surge in research activity concerning postpartum sexual dysfunction, with a peak in publication activity observed in 2020, 2021, and 2022. The majority of research in this field is concentrated in the areas of public environmental occupational health, general internal medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology. The indexing data indicate that the majority of publications are included in the SCI-EXPANDED category (11,646), followed by SSCI (6,557) and ESCI (5,076). The United States, England, and Australia are the countries that have made the greatest contribution. A co-authorship analysis identified 6,756 authors with multiple publications and citations, revealing notable collaboration networks. The citation analysis identified several key authors, including Anne S. Bassett and Elham Atalla. A keyword analysis revealed that terms such as “counseling,” “pregnancy,” “sexual dysfunction,” and “sexual satisfaction” are central to the research, forming 61 clusters with significant link strength. The application of the EX-PLISSIT model has been notably documented in counseling studies, demonstrating its efficacy in addressing postpartum sexual dysfunctions by providing structured support through education, permission, limited information, and specific suggestions. Conclusion: Postpartum sexual dysfunctions are extensive and interdisciplinary, with a notable increase in recent publications and contributions from a range of global researchers. The EX-PLISSIT model is a prominent feature of counseling research, demonstrating its value in addressing sexual health issues during the postpartum period. The present paper demonstrates that recent research underscores the necessity for the implementation of personalized and culturally adapted interventions to address postpartum sexual dysfunctions. The EX-PLISSIT model has been demonstrated to be an effective framework for the structuring of care. It is recommended that future studies focus on long-term outcomes, the involvement of partners, and the potential for policy changes to enhance the effectiveness and accessibility of postpartum sexual health support. It is recommended that future studies continue to explore cultural variations, the effectiveness of therapeutic models like EX-PLISSIT, and existing gaps in the current research to enhance postpartum sexual health outcomes. 10 Aug, 2024 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-7-147.php Introduction: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease of autoimmune etiology that is highly prevalent in childhood. In the last decade, the possibility of the influence of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine, different autoimmune diseases, modification of the immune response, and COVID19 itself of a simple population change due to immigration. Objectives: The objective of this work is to study the incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in a cohort of children from Euskadi, north of Spain in the last 15 years. Methods: For the epidemiological study in Euskadi, a comparison of accumulated incidences between vaccinated and unvaccinated population groups was made. Results: The results of our study were not conclusive, but we believe that it is necessary to continue with long-term studies to eliminate bias. 30 Apr, 2024 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-7-146.php Autophagy is a highly controlled cellular mechanism that maintains cellular homeostasis by degrading and recycling cellular components. In recent years, there has been a greater concentration on understanding the role of autophagy in the male reproductive system. This review addresses the potential importance of autophagy in many aspects of male reproductive physiology, such as spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, and testicular function. The role of autophagy in male fertility, sperm quality, and response to environmental stressors is explored. Insights into the molecular mechanisms driving autophagy in male reproductive cells cover the groundwork for future research targeted at understanding the complex relationship between autophagy and male reproductive health. 12 Apr, 2024 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-7-145.php The stubbornly high and unequally distributed rates of sexually transmitted infections have confounded sociologists for decades. Why would STIs afflict minority populations at higher rates than majority populations? There was no biological rationale. Only knowledge of causation could hope to mitigate the discrepancy and provide pathways to prevention and cure. Late in the twentieth century, spurred by the AIDS crisis, the scrutiny of sexual behavior met up with the social determinants of health, resulting in the concepts of sexual networks and concurrency. This paper explores how these ideas have helped us understand, explain, and intervene in the unacceptably high and disproportionately distributed STI epidemic. 15 Mar, 2024 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-7-144.php Juvenile granulosa tumors of the ovary are rare tumors. We report the case of juvenile granulosa cell tumor affecting a 33-year-old woman operated on for pain pelvic, the tumor was located in the left ovary with moderate ascites. The purpose of this work is to present the anatomoclinical and radiological characteristics of this tumor in order to allow an early diagnosis and to improve its prognosis, to establish a therapeutic chronology for this tumor. Different prognostic factors for ovarian granulosa cell tumor are being studied; the treatment is surgical. 09 Mar, 2024 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-7-143.php As they grow up, adolescents need and require age-appropriate and culturally sensitive sexuality education in order to provide them with the knowledge and skills that make them able to navigate safely through the critical phase of adolescence. However, many young people in many parts of the world are inadequately prepared to make proper decisions and choices. A large number of them lack the accurate knowledge and proper skills that help them adopt safe and healthy lifestyles and sexual practices. Findings from a desk review of a number of sexuality education programs across the globe indicate that there has been persistent and wide debate around this issue in many communities around the globe. The controversy is mainly due to socio-cultural sensitivity or lack of political will. The Arab World has distinctive conservative trends and attitudes dictated by deeply engraved cultural beliefs. For centuries, the issue of sexuality has been considered a taboo, shameful, “haram”, and sore issue. It is not to be discussed in public, with young people, and in the media. This attitude is adopted by all members of the community whether policy-makers or the public. Consequently, many young Arabs are kept in the dark and do not receive accurate information that would help protect them and make them able to make responsible decisions and choices Certain actions are suggested to be taken during the design and implementation of the sexual education programs that could ease out the sensitivities around the issue, make them more appealing to all stakeholders, and ensure that no one is left behind. 18 Jan, 2024 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-7-142.php Introduction: Major depressive disorder has the highest lifetime prevalence of any psychiatric disorder and negatively impacts sexual functioning in many patients. Females hesitate to discuss sexual problems due to cultural barriers. So sexual dysfunctions are under-reported and under-studied. Method: This is a cross-sectional study to evaluate the pattern of sexual dysfunction in 18 to 40-year-old married females having major depressive disorder attending psychiatry OPD in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India. The severity of depression was assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and sexual functioning was assessed by the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scales. Data was analysed using SPSS. Mean and standard deviation (±SD) were used to describe quantitative data meeting normal distribution. As appropriate, the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical data amongst independent groups. Results: 64% and 56% of participants in drug naïve and on-treatment groups respectively had sexual dysfunction as per ASEX scale as compared to 10% of controls. As per the FSFI scale, 84% and 76% of participants of drug naïve and on-treatment groups had sexual dysfunction compared to 20% of the control group. Of all domains of sexual functioning, domains of desire, arousal, and orgasm were most commonly affected. Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of sexual dysfunction in depressed females emphasizing the need for direct inquiry about sexual problems by the treatment provider and appropriate management for the benefit of patients. 31 Mar, 2023 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-6-140.php Introduction: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and home confinement measures, many of our routines and daily habits have been both affected and modified. Have these factors conditioned a real increase in precocious (PP) and accelerated puberty (AP)? Objectives: This is an observational and retrospective study in which the incidence of medical consultations due to premature thelarche is compared between March to December 2019 and 2020. The medical consultations occurred in the Pediatric Endocrinology (PE) consultation of our hospital. Patients and methods: The analysis involved 75 cases of young girls consulted with premature thelarche in 2019 and 97 girls which were consulted in 2020. From each patient, different variables were analyzed, such as somatometry, hormones, eco, and treatment. Results: In 2019, 75 first visits of PE were due to premature thelarche in young girls (accounting for 2.46% of the total number of first visits carried out in Pediatrics Outpatient Clinics (POC) and 16.77% of PE first visits). However, in 2020, 97 first visits were due to PE (3.52% of the total first-time visits of OC and 23.3% in PE). It was found that in 2020 the number of first-time visits due to premature thelarche increased by 28% compared to 2019 (p: 0.0001 mean comparison). In 2019, out of the 75 consultations due to premature thelarche, 40% were diagnosed with an earlier physiological puberty. Conversely in 2020, out of the 97 consultations, 61.77% had normal physiological puberty. These figures represent an OR of 1.54 (p: 0.02 t Student for independent samples). It was evaluated whether the patients had experienced > 3kg weight gain above 6 months prior to the medical visit. In 2020, 31.57% of patients experienced weight gain, whereas 68.42% did not. In 2019 patients who experienced weight gain accounted for 12.16% and 87.83% did not experience significant weight gain (p: 0.01 t Student for independent samples). Conclusion: Our data demonstrates there has been an increase in the incidence of referrals from Primary Attention to Pediatric Endocrinology to examine advanced thelarche during the period of lockdown measures (2020), in addition to an increase in the number of diagnostics of PP and AP in young girls in our hospital when compared to figures for 2019. Furthermore, in 2020 there was a greater number of patients who experienced a weight gain increase 6 months prior to the medical consultations. We hypothesize that the lockdown inflicted sedentary lifestyles together with changes in dietary habits, promoting weight gain in patients. This effect could have caused a body fat mass increase in girls, suggesting a “trigger effect” in the activation of the gonadal axis, causing a rise in the number of early puberty cases. IRB: CIEC 01/2017. 21 Mar, 2023 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-6-139.php Infertility and Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (ASRH) are significant challenges worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Teenagers living in urban slums that are quickly developing are frequently disregarded, despite the efforts of international organizations to enhance access to services and information for residents of these areas. It is common for women to blame for infertility, even when their spouse has clinical infertility; this contributes to a bias in the relevant body of research. In order to address these issues, policies on sexual and reproductive health need to be evidence-based, they need to take into account various points of view and they need to combat negative stereotypes and inequities. Comprehensive programs that prepare healthcare providers and non-clinical service providers are crucial. This review highlights the importance of addressing systemic issues, such as gender norms and economic disparities, in promoting sexual and reproductive health care to achieve desired reproductive outcomes. 27 Dec, 2022 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-5-138.php Objective: The progressive development of lymphoma therapies has led to an important prolongation of patient survival. We aimed to investigate anxiety, depression, sexual satisfaction and health-related quality of life status in these lymphoma survivors. We examined the effects of depression, anxiety and sexual satisfaction on the quality of life. Materials and methods: In a prospective study, the data were collected from fifty lymphoma survivors. We used six forms. These forms consist of sociodemographic features, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Hopelessness Scala (BHS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI I-II), Golombock-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) and European Organization for Research on the treatment of Cancer Questionnaires Quality of Life (QoL) - C30 questionnaires. Results: The mean age of the patients was 50,2 ± 14,8 (20 – 75) years, and 50% of them were females. In our study, we found that 26% of the patients had high depression values above the cutoff (≥ 17 of BDI score). The mean depression score of the patients was 10,6 ± 8 (0 - 32) and the mean hopelessness score was 5,7 ± 4,5 (0 - 19). The patients whose anxiety and depression scores were high role, cognitive and emotional functioning of EORTC-QLQ-C30 was found statistically significantly low. The mean STAI-I score of the patients was 35,6 ± 11,3 (22-73) and the mean STAI-II score was 41,4 ± 10,6 (23 - 67). Statistical significance in terms of emotional and social functioning was found in the patients with high anxiety scores. When all patients were evaluated with respect to GRISS, we found high scores (> 5) for frequency, communication, vaginusmus and premature ejaculation. We compared the EORTC-QoL-C30 scores and GRISS of the patients. There was an association between emotional dysfunction with high scores of frequency (p = 0.040). Also, there was an association between low scores of role functioning with high scores of avoidance and premature ejaculation (p = 0.015, p = 0.003). However, there was a significant correlation between low scores of global QoL with high scores of avoidance, communication, and touch. There was no statistically significant difference between the anxiety and depression levels of the patient according to gender. But, some functional scales including role function (p = 0.001), social function (p = 0.001) and cognitive function (p = 0.027) were lower in female patients. Conclusion: The lymphoma survivors had high anxiety and depression scores, reduced sexual functioning and low functioning scales of QoL. There was an association between sexual dysfunction low role, emotional functioning and global QoL scores in patients. 30 Sep, 2022 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-5-137.php Young people’s Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) services in Nigeria are limited and there are issues of affordability and accessibility of these health services. Also, there are limited studies in Nigeria on the barriers to accessing and utilizing SRHS in the Nigerian healthcare sector. Furthermore, even when the services are provided they are not sensitive to the needs of young people. Hence, this study aims to assess the barriers to the availability and accessibility of sexual reproductive health services (SRHS) for young people living with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Abia State, Nigeria. Study Aim: To make recommendations for removing assess barriers to effective sexual and reproductive health services for young people living with STIs in southeast Nigeria. Methodology: A systematic review of 14 studies comprising 9 qualitative studies, 3 mixed methods, 1 quantitative and 1 cross-sectional study. The inclusion criteria were primary studies written in the English language which assessed barriers to SRH services while the exclusion criteria were the secondary studies and primary studies which did not access barriers to accessibility and availability of SRHS for young people. A total of 4, 705 participants from different African countries formed the sample size. Findings: Results showed that young people have little or no insight into STIs and their services. Moreover, they experienced different levels of barriers ranging from the negative and judgmental attitude of healthcare providers, stigma, cost, availability and accessibility of healthcare services as well as lack of integration of services and privacy and confidentiality. These are the major barriers that discourage young people from accessing SRH services. Also, experiences of fear and shame were reported as common barriers to utilizing care. Conclusion: Sensitizing the SRH needs of young people can enhance access to healthcare services. Therefore, there is a need to improve uptake and address the negative attitude of healthcare providers, as well as the issue of confidentiality, which will help to improve SRH service utilization among young people. Also, it is recommended that teaching health care professionals about these STI prevention centers will be the main solution to improve the preventive practice to reduce STI incidence in young people in Nigeria. 06 Aug, 2022 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-5-136.php Background and aims: Based on the concept of “cuckolding” and “troilism”, it was hypothesized that underlying this paraphilia is a counterphobic attitude that positively reinforced produces the establishment of behavioural addiction. The purpose of this study is to confirm this hypothesis. Materials and methods: Clinical interview, based on narrative-anamnestic and documentary evidence and the basis of the Perrotta Human Emotions Model (PHEM) concerning their emotional and perceptual-reactive experience, and administration of the battery of psychometric tests published in international scientific journals by the author of this work: 1) Perrotta Integrative Clinical Interviews (PICI-2), to investigate functional and dysfunctional personality traits; 2) Perrotta Individual Sexual Matrix Questionnaire (PSM-Q), to investigate the individual sexual matrix; 3) Perrotta Affective Dependence Questionnaire (PAD-Q), to investigate the profiles of affective and relational dependence; 4) Perrotta Human Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire (PDM-Q), to investigate the defence mechanisms of the Ego. Results: In a population sample of 108 subjects (98 males and 10 females), the totality was found to exhibit at least 5 dysfunctional personality traits of the manic, borderline, narcissistic covert, masochistic, and dependent types, with secondary traits of the neurotic, bipolar, histrionic, and paranoid types. Always the totality of the sample shows the marked dysfunctionality of a sexual nature (especially in relational profiles) and the activation of defense mechanisms typical of psychopathological processes; in particular, at the PSM-Q the totality of the sample stated that the basis of their paraphilia is the establishment of a traumatic event of an affective, sentimental or sexual nature related to adolescence and adulthood that has generated in the person distrust in the relationship. Conclusions: At the origin of cuckolding and troilism, it is reasonable to deduce that there is a traumatic event of an affective, sentimental or sexual nature, occurring mainly in youth or early adulthood, which has negatively impacted the subject’s perception of the relational sphere. Such an event, capable of generating negative feelings of distressing origin, was then reworked and sublimated by the subject using a counterphobic attitude (the fear of being betrayed is replaced by the idea that granting the partner sexual freedom, after sharing, is sufficient to avoid the reoccurrence of the primary traumatizing event); the repetition of avoidant experiences of the danger of the primary phobia (betrayal) then generates in the subject the belief in the functioning of the mechanism, which therefore is repeated according to a cognitive-behavioural pattern of positive reinforcement, capable of establishing over time the behavioural dependence that underlies the paraphiliac disorder. Such a fear-prone psychopathological pattern, moreover, could be the same one that favours polygamous relational choice (at the expense of monogamous relational choice), net of environmental and social conditioning (e.g., Islamic contexts) that might naturally favour such choice. This counterphobic mechanism reinforced by positive reinforcement may underlie the onset of paraphilias and deserves further investigation. 22 Jun, 2022 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-5-135.php Background: There has been a long-standing interest in assessing male sexual function over the past number of decades. Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is commonly classified as organic, psychogenic, or mixed. Aim: The principal aim of this questionnaire was to determine the ways in which Dutch healthcare professionals (sexologists) define the type of ED in their daily practice. The second aim was to evaluate sexologists’ opinions regarding their experiences with the Rigiscan and the desired aspects of a yet-to-be-developed successor. Methods: We performed an anonymous survey study. A questionnaire with 21 items was mailed to all participants of the Dutch Association of Sexology. To obtain a higher response rate the survey was sent three times. The questionnaire was designed by two Dutch sexologists from the Sint Antonius Hospital. The survey questions were pre-tested, and after making changes to the questionnaire it was pilot tested. Outcomes: Eighty-eight people responded and sixty-six respondents completed the survey. Results: The majority of respondents reported that information obtained by a thorough sexual history, according to the biopsychosocial model, is sufficient to diagnose the cause of ED and enable them to provide the correct therapy. For additional diagnostics, respondents indicate to refer to a urologist for physical examination, basic laboratory tests, or, if necessary, advanced examinations such as a nocturnal penile tumescence measurement. 83% of respondents said to use a simple sensor to differentiate the cause of ED if this would be available. Features respondents mentioned of a future sensor where: validated, patient-friendly, and easy to use at home. Clinical implications: The data provide information to develop a new sensor to measure nocturnal erections. Strengths & limitations: Study strengths include: The first report among Dutch sexologists about usage and needs for nocturnal erections measurements. Study limitations include a non-validated questionnaire. A diverse group of Dutch sexologists, not many medical sexologists. Low response rate. Conclusion: The participating sexologists indicate a need for more clarity regarding the different tools which could be useful for the differentiation between primary organic and primary psychogenic ED. A new validated, patient-friendly sensor that can be used by patients in their home setting was appointed to be helpful. 08 Jun, 2022 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-5-134.php Background: Since the outbreak of COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the epidemic has spread worldwide and posed a great threat to society. Despite great achievements in COVID-19 research, few studies have focused on the similarities and differences between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses. Results: Through a review of the literature on SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses, we found that influenza occurs every year, and influenza pandemics occur irregularly. The uncomplicated human influenza viruses primarily affect the larger airways and rarely the alveoli. However, SARS-CoV-2 mainly involves the deep airways and lungs and can cause DAD, leading to severe hypoxemia. In general, SARS-CoV-2 is no less infectious than the influenza virus. However, its destructive power to the lungs is no less than the avian influenza virus. There is currently no clinical vaccine and specific inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: SASR-CoV-2 damages lung function more severely than the influenza virus, with higher morbidity, mortality, and severe disease rates. Controlling the source of infection, cutting off the route of transmission, and protecting susceptible populations are critical to the fight against SARS-CoV-2. 07 Jun, 2022 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-5-133.php Background: Although induced abortion is legally allowed on various grounds in several sub-Saharan African countries, health care providers in these countries often persist in viewing induced abortion as immoral. Providers’ attitudes may conflict with the national abortion law or their personal and or religious values. Abortion services are severely restricted and highly contentious in Uganda. This study, therefore, is aimed at determining attitudes among healthcare providers on induced abortion service provision in Gulu City. Procedures: A cross-section survey was conducted among health workers about attitudes toward induced abortion between September and November 2019 using a modified abortion attitudinal score. The study was conducted in the Hospitals and Health centers in Gulu City, in Northern Uganda, the participants were drawn from Public, Private non-for-profit faith-based, Private for Profit and, Private non-for-profit Non-Government Organisation health centers. Findings: A total of 252 health care providers were surveyed. The mean attitudinal score for generally in support, generally not in support, conditional in support, personal attitude, and beliefs against and toward abortion provision were 2.80, 2.71, 2.86, 3.239, and 3.35 respectively. Factors that were positively associated with general support included age 40 years and above; and being employed in private non-for-profit non-governmental health facilities, with coefficients of 0.85 and 0.67 respectively. Factors that were positively associated with conditional support were; age 40years or above; being employed in a non for profit non-governmental health facility; private for-profit and private not-for-profit faith-based health facilities coefficients 0.55, 0.54, 0.40, and 0.37 respectively. However, being a born-again Christian was negatively associated with general support for induced abortion provision. Conclusion: Healthcare providers’ attitude is an important element in the provision of quality stigma-free post-abortion care services. A clear national effort to improve post-abortion and comprehensive abortion care training should include value clarification and attitude transformation among all healthcare providers. 04 Mar, 2022 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-5-132.php Introduction: Sexual violence is a series public of health problems and human right issues affecting millions of people each year throughout the world with short and long-term impacts on women and girls’ physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health. Therefore, this study aims to assess the magnitude of sexual violence and associated factors among night school female students in the study area. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 422 night junior school female students in Gondar town, Northwest, Ethiopia. Participants were selected by using simple random sampling and data were collected by self - administered structured questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was done by EPI info version 7 and SPSS statistical packages version 20 respectively and descriptive statistics were done. Moreover, binary logistic regression analyses were also carried out to identify factors associated with sexual violence. Results: In this study, the mean age (+_SD) study participants was 19.3±3.1years. The the proportion of school life sexual violence in this study was found to be 63.4% with a 95% the confidence interval of (57.9, 67.1). the overall 91 (21.9%) of the participants were faced attempted rape in their school life. Regarding sexual harassment at least one form of sexual harassment was reported among 244 (58.8%) from these 135 (32.5%) unwanted sexual Act/asked to have sex, about 152(36.6%) faced unwelcome touching body parts like breast, and 131 (31.6%) faced unwelcome kissing. School life sexual violence was positively associated with those females who had ever started sexual intercourse (AOR= 0.58, 95%CI, 0.362, 0.924), being rural child-hood residence (AOR=) 1.9, 95%CI 1.2,2.9) and traveling more than 30 minutes from school to home (AOR= 2.2,95%CI, 1.124, 4.452). Conclusion: The proportion of sexual violence in this study area was relatively high and it was significantly associated with being a rural child -hood residence. Therefore, appropriate intervention is needed Especially those students who grew up in a rural areas during the child-hood period. 25 Nov, 2021 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-4-131.php Objectives: Assess the prevalence and associated factors of sexual coercion at first sexual debut among young females in rural areas of Boset district, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Methods: Cross-sectional community-based study was conducted using qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. A sample of 632 young females aged 10-24 years was taken from six rural Kebeles by systematic random sampling for quantitative and data was collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Principally Binary Logistic regression model was fitted. Moreover, eight focus group discussions targeting different groups were held and analyzed thematically. Results: Prevalence of sexual coercion at first sexual debut was 36.5% (95%CI: 34.6%-38.4%) among sexually active respondents. Married young female (AOR,0.71;95%CI: 0.42,0.81), living away from their parents (AOR,5.07;95%CI:1.07,24.01), age group of 15-19 (AOR,0.19; 95%CI:0.06,0.54), alcohol consumption (AOR,2.44;95%CI:1.17, 5.08) and Khat chewing (AOR, 8.30;95%CI:1.89, 36.38) were factors predicting the likelihood of having sexual coercion at sexual debut. Conclusion: Sexual coercion at fist sexual debut is a major public health problem among young females in the study community. The emerging program interventions need to take this problem into consideration. 23 Oct, 2021 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-4-130.php Background: Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is estimated to have been practiced on at least 200 million girls and women in 30 countries around the world. Clitoridoctomy is the most common type of FGM in Ethiopia. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the magnitude of Female Genital Mutilation and associated factors among women’s of Wolayita zone. Methods: A community-based quantitative cross-sectional study was used. Face-to-face interviews with prepared questionnaires were used to collect data. SPSS version 20 software was used to analyze the data. The prevalence of FGM was determined using descriptive statistics. The researchers utilized a bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model to find independent determinants of FGM. Result: 296 women were undergone FGM out of a total of 333, indicating that FGM is prevalent in the research area (88.9%). Age (AOR-1.86, 95% CI: 0.42-0.98) and support to reduce sexual due to hyperactivity (AOR: 14.595, 95% CI: 3.391-6.807) were all independently linked to FGM. Conclusion: An integrated effort administrative and surrounding community intervention to be initiated to alleviate FGM practices through empowering women, discouraging risky factors like traditions; and sensitizing parents, community members and the public focusing on the rejecting of FGM. 14 Sep, 2021 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-4-129.php Purpose: This research deals with the issue of dysfunctional personality traits in reference to affective dependency. In this research, the theme is aimed at the psychopathological investigation of personalities, according to the PICI-2 model and the PAD-Q, of all those subjects who with conscience and will complain of an emotional or sentimental relationship of a toxic or unhappy type with the partner. Methods: Clinical interview and administration of the PICI-1 and PAD-Q. Results: The use of the PAD-Q is functional to identify the dysfunctional personality traits that can explain the type of “affective dependency” of the patient; this indication must then always be compared with the data that emerged from the administration of the PICI-2 and the clinical interview, to ensure that the main disorder and the secondary ones are properly framed. The research on a population sample of 794 people demonstrated: 1) the affective dependency is to all effects a behavioral manifestation that cognitively represents a precise psychopathological trajectory grafted into a dysfunctional personality framework; 2) the erroneous placement of affective dependency among behavioral addictions is also confirmed here, as it is a psychopathological representation of a personality disorder to be identified and which pertains to one or more of these categories: a) affective-neurotic (anxious, maniacal, depressive or obsessive); b) dependent (dependent); c) histrionic (histrionic); d) masochist (masochist); e) borderline (bipolar and borderline); f) covert narcissist (covert narcissist); g) psychotic (psychopath, schizophrenic, schizoid, schizoaffective, schizotypic, dissociative). Conclusions: The data emerging from the male population sample (336/794) finally show that only 12.5-20% have a clinically relevant diagnosis of “affective dependency” (these findings show that the toxicity of the affective-emotional-sentimental relationship is not attributed to a cause of affective dependence but rather to causes of another nature capable of interfering with the normal intimate relationship), while the female population (458/794) reports a clinically relevant value in 100% of the cases analyzed; however, it should be emphasized that this dependence dynamic represents a symptom of a specific personality disorder and therefore the dependency pattern becomes in the emotional relationship a real nourishing cause of the toxicity of the relationship, a sort of means to obtain a secondary benefit of nature dysfunctional -which feeds the psychopathology itself-, resistant even during psychotherapies possibly carried out by patients in the past. 21 Aug, 2021 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-4-128.php Purpose: Starting from the concept of “affective dependence” and its international nosographic framework, the Perrotta Affective Dependence Questionnaire (PAD-Q) aims to study the phenomenon of “affective dependence”, defining it as a maladaptive model of the affective-sentimental relationship of a couple, which involves the establishment or persistence of a clinically significant bond, lasting at least six months and characterized by a functional impairment of the relational area, the emotional area and the somatic area. Affective addiction, not being a well-identified psychopathological label in the international nosographic framework, except in the general framework of behavioral addictions, in this context is identified as a maladaptive behavioral model that describes a series of personality traits afferent to several nosographically recognized psychopathological disorders [1]. Methods: Administration of the PICI-1 and PAD-Q. Clinical Interview. Results: The present research work has demonstrated the reliability, efficiency and effectiveness of the PAD-Q, in relation to the objectives and the PICI-1. In particular, it facilitated a better diagnostic framing of current affective behavioral addiction, thus allowing to focus attention on the dysfunctional traits of patients and on the correct psychodiagnostic framing and their eventual clinical treatment. Conclusions: The results of the PICI-1 on the selected population sample is perfectly compatible with the results of the PAD-Q, underlining also the trend according to which the higher the age of the population sample the higher the diagnosis of cluster B disorders, up to the highest psychotic percentage in the most mature age group. The same trend is visible in the PAD-Q data, which confirms the greater presence of dysfunctional traits in cluster B disorders. 07 Aug, 2021 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-4-127.php Purpose: Starting from the psychopathological hypothesis of ‘Troilism’, just like ‘Cuckolding’, correctly framed (the latter) as a paraphilia, the present research aims to identify the clinical evidence capable of confirming the initial hypothesis, trying to identify the possible aetiological causes. For the purposes of this research, other possible causes that are not directly linked to a psychopathological nature are therefore excluded. Methods: The phases of the research were divided as follows: 1) Selection of the population sample divided into seven groups (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) as indicated in section 3 of this research work; 2) Clinical interview, to each population group; 3) Administration of the PICI-2 and PSM-Q (sections A, E), to each population group; 4) Data processing following administration; 5) Comparison of data obtained. Results: The entire sample of the selected population (550 people) presents a number of dysfunctional personality traits that are significant for diagnosing a specific disorder; in particular: in cluster A anxiety disorder, phobic disorder, obsessive disorder, dependent disorder and depressive disorder are recurrent; in cluster B bipolar disorder, borderline disorder, narcissistic disorder and sadistic-masochistic disorder are recurrent; in cluster C schizoid disorder, schizotypal disorder, schizoaffective disorder and dissociative disorder are recurrent. Behavioural dependency disorder and/or drug/alcohol dependency disorder is present in all the subjects investigated. In the male population sample (192 individuals), the percentage of cluster B disorders (with a greater prevalence for borderline and narcissistic disorder) tends to be markedly higher than in the female sample in the sexual troilistic forms, while it attenuates in the polyamorous form. In the female sample (358 persons), the percentage of cluster B disorders (with a higher prevalence for borderline and narcissistic disorder) tends to be markedly higher than in the male sample in the sentimental troilistic forms, while it attenuates in the polysexual form, although it is still higher than the average for the male sample. In both sexual genders, the net prevalence of cluster C disorders (in comorbidity with narcissistic traits) is in the anarchic sentimental troilistic form. The entire sample of the selected population (550 people) presents positivity on the test of dysfunctional behaviour in polygamous relationships, with extremely high data in the relational troilistic and polyamorous forms with a binary and/or anarchic style. The integrative questions put to the selected population sample revealed: for the male population sample, betrayal (76.4%) as the main cause that influenced the polygamous choice and narcissistic control in the relationship (47.4%) as the preferred cause of the polygamous choice. A clear minority (28.8%) is not sure or has doubts about the polygamous choice; for the female sample, failed family experiences (61.9%) are the main cause that influenced the polygamous choice and narcissistic control in the relationship (47.4%) is the preferred cause of the polygamous choice. A clear minority (23.3%) is not sure about the polygamous choice or has doubts, although the choice to embark on polygamous life is for a good percentage (40.4%) dependent on a choice originally proposed by the partner, unlike the male sample (18.6%). Conclusions: The data reported and re-elaborated show the total psychopathological predisposition of subjects who consciously and intentionally undertake a polygamous style of couple relationship, confirming the prevalence of borderline and narcissistic disorders, up to the marked presence of psychotic dysfunctional traits in subjects who prefer the sentimental anarchic type of troilist relationship. The main causes that push the subject to undertake the troilist path are mainly traumatic relational experiences of a familial and affective-sentimental kind (betrayal); therefore the emotional tension and anxiety deriving from the fear of reliving negative experiences is attenuated by the troilist style of relationship that allows greater control of the couple’s relationship and internal dynamics, favouring a marked narcissistic control that generates, aggravates or self-feeds the dysfunctional traits found. In fact, the emotional experiences lived during the troilist (polygamous or polyamorous) conduct act as positive reinforcement, for the maintenance and strengthening of the subject’s beliefs. Confirmation of this hypothesis is the finding that, for both the male and female population samples, narcissistic control is the central motive for maintaining the troilist style. As already confirmed in another study, the troilist choice (polygamous or polyamorous) is also to be considered markedly psychopathological, and therefore deserving of in-depth clinical investigation in order to better frame the patient and support him or her adequately. 30 Jul, 2021 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-4-126.php It is almost four decade into the HIV pandemic, the outlook of the disease has advanced significantly from death sentence to a chronically manageable disease that can be lived with for long time. This evolution was made possible with the advent of antiretroviral therapy which allowed HIV infected children to reach adulthood. However, sexual, and reproductive needs of these generations remain unattended in many countries. The study sought to highlight the sexual and reproductive health issues affecting young people living with HIV in Chitungwiza and Waterfalls communities, targeting HIV positive young people aged 15-24 years. A mixed methods approach was adopted in which, Qualitative and Quantitative research methods were employed. A survey was conducted with 113 young people to quantify sexual and reproductive health issues affecting young people living with HIV (YPLWH). To solicitate community perceptions and opinions on childbearing among the Adolescents and Young persons living with HIV, 8 focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted to qualify the data from the survey. The findings indicated that sexual and reproductive health (SRH) knowledge heavily impacts YPLWH’ decision to have children. The sources of information may also affect decisions made by YPLWH. Socio-cultural barriers are major inhibiting factors limiting YPLWH and it was also observed that sero-status disclosure has direct impact on decision for condom use. The study recommends that academic research, NGOs, and other stakeholders with support from the Ministry of Health, should conduct more studies on emerging HIV and SRH issues which will help in addressing knowledge gaps and provide evidence-based knowledge in public health. Overall, this will improve the reproductive health outcomes of young people living with HIV. 24 Jul, 2021 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-4-125.php Purpose: With regard to studies on sexual behaviors, this research proposes a series of updates to the previous edition in order to improve its administration; at the same time, a sample of the population is administered to test its reliability, usefulness and psychometric consistency. Methods: Clinical interview with administration of the “Perrotta Individual Sexual Matrix Questionnaire” (PSM-Q), updated. Results: Once the questionnaire was completed, it was tested on a population sample of 600 subjects, so distributed: the clinical group composed of 300 subjects, of which 150 male and 150 female, and the control group composed of 300 subjects, of which 150 male and 150 female. In particular: in the “control group”, no psychopathological disorder was detected, and the sexual behaviors detected did not meet the requirements of paraphiliac disorder; in the “clinical group”, on the other hand, 70% (210/300, 118 men and 92 women) confirmed their psychopathological condition, identifying, thanks to the questionnaires administered, a better framing of their state of health, facilitating the psychotherapeutic approach and the remaining 30% (90/300, 32 men and 58 women), on the other hand, repositioned their sexual dimension by virtue of a different framing, including a psychopathological one, confirming the usefulness of the questionnaires administered precisely in a psychodiagnostic key. Conclusions: The present research improves on previously published work (Perrotta Individual Sexual Matrix Questionnaire”, PSM-1) and frames it in the conscious and functional use of patients who manifest symptomatology of a sexual nature or with sexual involvement. In fact, the use of the questionnaires provided is functional to frame in a more detailed and methodological way the sexual universe of the patient, through the compilation of sections B, C and D (first part), while the compilation of sections D (second part) and E helps the therapist to designate in a direct and clear way about the habitual sexual behavior and the relational style of the couple; finally, it will be the duty of the therapist to apply the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-V in order to identify the presence or absence of any paraphilias that have in themselves the characteristics of a paraphiliac disorder properly determined. 08 Jul, 2021 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-4-124.php Background: Menstrual hygiene is vital to the health, well-being, dignity and productivity of women and girls. However, there is a problem on menstrual hygiene management especially among communities in which discussing about menstrual hygiene is taboo in their culture. Objective: The study was aimed to assess menstrual hygiene management practice and associated factors among secondary school girls in Finot Selam town, Ethiopia 2019. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected school girls in Finot Selam town from March 20 to 30, 2019. Descriptive summary was done as a mean, frequency and proportion. In bivariate analysis variables with a p-value<0.25 were candidate for multivariable logistic regression and those with a p-value<0.05 in multivariable analysis were considered as having statistically significant association with menstrual hygiene practice. Thematic analysis was employed for the qualitative data. Result: A total of 442 school girls were participated in the study, with response rate of 99.1%. About 68 % of adolescent girls had good practice of menstrual hygiene management. The odd of good practice was 3.4 times higher [AOR=3.40; 95% C.I: (1.16, 9.97)] among girls whose fathers’ education was colleges and above compared to those whose father was illiterate. Information before menarche [AOR=3.95; 95% C.I: (2.13, 7.33)], discussion about menstrual hygiene with their parents [AOR =2.75; 95% CI: (1.71, 4.43) and knowledge on sanitary pads in the market [AOR=2.10; 95% CI: (1.18, 3.28)] were the other factors associated with menstrual hygiene management. Findings from in-depth interview found that inadequate sanitation facility was reported as a problem for girls to manage their menstrual hygiene in school. Conclusion: Most of girls in this study have good practice of menstrual hygiene management. Paternal education, discussion with parents about menstruation, knowledge on sanitary pads and prior information were the factors associated with the practice of menstrual hygienic management. 17 Jun, 2021 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-4-123.php Purpose: In order to study in depth the paraphiliac universe of the patient, avoiding diagnostic errors in terms of sexuality, sexual fantasies and disorders codified by the DSM-V, this research work focused on the importance of the exact identification of relevant sexual behaviours, in order to facilitate the relationship with the patient and the therapeutic pathway. Methods: Clinical interview with administration of the “Perrotta Integrative Clinica Interview” (PICI-1) and “Perrotta Individual Sexual Matrix Questionnaire” (PSM-1). Results: Once the questionnaire was completed, it was tested on a population sample of 122 subjects (69 male and 53 female), demonstrating diagnostic error in 22.13% of cases (27 total) and in particular in the two youngest groups of both sexes (14-24 years and 25-35 years), reaching 37% error in females and 40.7% in males. Conclusions: The present research work has laid the foundations for a more accurate and detailed investigation of the diagnostic universe linked to paraphiliac disorder, demonstrating that: 1) At the diagnostic stage, it is always possible to commit an interpretative error by mistaking a simple paraphilia for paraphiliac disorder, also taking into account the psychological disorders present in comorbidity. 2) The MMPI-II identifies some characteristics that can be traced back to paraphiliac disorder and other related personality disorders but does not specify in detail the paraphiliac universe of the patient and therefore the exact therapeutic intervention to be carried out in psychotherapy. 3) The PICI-1TA fully absorbs the results of the MMPI-II and notes its critical aspects, such as the absence of the indications of the specific personality traits, useful in the diagnostic and therapeutic phases, without however listing in detail the paraphiliac universe of the patient. 4) The PSM-1, if associated with the PICI-1TA, allows to identify the primary disorder, the characterizing secondary traits and the whole paraphiliac universe of the patient, for the purposes of the clinical diagnostic profile and of the specific targeted therapeutic intervention to be carried out, giving also information about the medical history and other possible associated sexual disorders. 5) The PSM-1 was able to detect, on a sample of population n. 122, n. 27 (16 male and 11 female) diagnostic errors (22.13%) in the phase of centering of the patient, depowering the diagnosis of paraphiliac disorder to simple paraphilia to be managed in a framework more deprived of judgment. 6) The PSM-1, unlike other psychosexual tests and questionnaires, allows to analyse at the same time with precision the following aspects: a) personal and family psychophysical history; b) information about orientation, gender and related sexual disorders; c) the paraphiliac universe, with specific indications of the object/content of individual behaviours; d) the psychodynamic profile of the patient, on the basis of his disorder (if present) or of the simple behavioural manifestation of a paraphiliac matrix; e) categorisation by intensity, severity and content. 7) The present research work has therefore demonstrated the reliability of the psychodiagnostic instrument, also noting that the highest percentage of diagnostic error on the subject of sexual behaviour is present in both males and females in the 25-35 age band, followed by the 14-24 age band, for an overall total of 40.7% in males and 37% in females. It would appear that diagnostic errors are less frequent in the older and more mature age groups. In relation then to the MMPI-II and the PICI-1 it proved particularly functional with the latter, in order to proceed to the therapeutic contract with the patient and therefore to the implementation of the necessary strategies in support, assistance and therapy. 26 May, 2021 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-4-122.php Purpose: This research addresses the issue of the personality profiles of subjects who undertake the activity of luxury prostitution, understood as one or more acts aimed at offering sexual services in return for payment. In this research, the theme is aimed at the psychopathological investigation of the personalities, according to the PICI-1(TA), of all those subjects who voluntarily and without any constriction or obligation, freely decide to undertake this activity, for personal reasons. Methods: Clinical interview and administration of the MMPI-II, PICI-1 and PSM-1. Results: The research on a population sample of 838 persons showed that: 1) On the MMPI-II they reported pathological values on the scales of hypochondria, paranoia, depression, psychopathic deviance, hysteria, schizophrenia and hypomania; on the content scales, on the other hand, the scales of anxiety, depression, antisocial behaviour, social distress, anger, cynicism and family problems were pathological. 2) On the PICI-1, the data are even more significant. The male population sample singularly obtained at least 5 dysfunctional traits among borderline, narcissistic and sadistic personality disorders, for 92.38% (149/162); the remaining population sample, instead, singularly obtained at least 4 dysfunctional traits among bipolar, histrionic and psychopathic personality disorders. The female population sample singularly obtained at least 5 dysfunctional traits among borderline, narcissistic and masochistic personality disorders, for 94.35% (629/676); the remaining population sample, however, singularly obtained at least 4 dysfunctional traits among sadistic, bipolar and histrionic personality disorders. 3) On the PSM-1 other significant and relevant data appear, such as extremely high values in the marking relating to psychological abuse, physical abuse, unbalanced intra-parental relations and exposure to pornography in childhood and/or pre-adolescence, with a marked dysfunctionality on sexual conduct. On the basis of these data, it is reasonable to state that 93.37% of the selected sample of the population presents marked psychopathological traits that can be defined as a borderline, narcissistic and sadistic personality disorder, with traits very close to bipolar, histrionic and masochistic disorder, deserving of psychotherapeutic treatment. Conclusions: Based on the data obtained, it is reasonable to state that 93.37% of the selected sample of the population presents marked psychopathological traits that can be defined as a borderline, narcissistic and sadistic personality disorder, with traits very close to bipolar, histrionic and masochistic disorder, deserving of psychotherapeutic treatment. 31 Mar, 2021 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-4-121.php Modern contraceptive use prevents the risk of unplanned pregnancies, unsafe abortions and STIs. Yet little is known about the use of modern contraceptives by female students in tertiary institutions given that available studies have been using women in the reproductive age as the unit of analysis. The study was conducted at the University of Zimbabwe and the Chinhoyi University of Technology. The study triangulated quantitative and qualitative research methods. A survey with 770 female students, 537 from the University of Zimbabwe and 233 from the Chinhoyi University of Technology, to assess the magnitude of modern contraceptive use among female students and explore the facilitating and inhibiting factors underlying contraceptive use. Qualitative data were collected from eight face-to-face in-depth interviews, eight face-to-face focus group discussions and four face-to-face key informant interviews. Modern contraceptive use was high, 98%, however an insignificant variation was noted, 98% at UZ and 97% at CUT. Male condoms were commonly used by students throughout their sexual activities with marginal variations noted- 98% at UZ and 97% at CUT. Female students accessed contraceptives from the SAYWHAT resource centre although the prevalence was high among students at CUT, 95%, when compared to UZ students, 87%. Therefore the study recommends that the preferred modern contraceptives should be available and accessible to students. Information of safe sex practices should be disseminated to students to ensure consistency in contraceptive use. Contraceptive distribution points should be accessible to students to increase contraceptive uptake. 31 Mar, 2021 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-4-120.php The present work proposes the drafting of a questionnaire capable of investigating all the areas of clinical interest of individual human sexuality. By analysing the main psychosexual tests, we proceeded to draft a test that contains five sections: the first one is dedicated to personal and contact data; the second one is dedicated to sexual history; the third one is dedicated to emotional and emotional profiles; the fourth one is dedicated to functional and dysfunctional behavioural profiles in sex; finally, the fifth section is dedicated to the study of relational behaviour in the couple. A series of proposed questionnaires, initialed by the therapist during the clinical interview session, to study the patient’s sexual matrix and complete his or her personality profile. 24 Mar, 2021 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-4-119.php Background: With the improvement in the quality of life of women living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus /Acquired Human Immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)in recent times, heir fertility desires have been shown to be changing. In spite of this, not much has been documented of the fertility intentions of these women in Jos. Therefore, our study aims to determine the fertility intentions and associated factors among HIV positive women of reproductive age accessing care in Jos University Teaching Hospital +(JUTH) Plateau State. Methods: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in the APIN Centre of the Jos University Teaching Hospital in Plateau State. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographics and fertility intentions from 335 HIV positive women of reproductive age from June to July 2018..Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 software package. Univariate and bivariate statistical analysis were carried out to identify the fertility intentions and the related factors . Results: The age range was 18- 49 years with mean age of 37.44 ± 6.40 years. Fertility intentions of HIV positive women of reproductive age varied with 47.5% expressing desire for more children. Majority (92.5%) wanted to have two or more children. More than half (56%) wanted the next child within two years but 44% wanted them delayed till after two years. Although age, marital status, duration of marriage, number of living children and contraceptive use were found to be significantly associated with fertility intentions, the predictors of fertility desires were number of living children (AOR=11.00,P-value-0.026), age (AOR=2.231,P-value-0.033),use of contraceptives(AOR=0.397,P-value-0.001) and duration of marriage (AOR=5.46,P-value-0.001). Conclusion: Women living with HIV have varied fertility intentions. The desire for more children was highest among women in the early phase of marriage and those with few surviving children. Health Care providers and policy makers need to consider increasing services and support for family planning for HIV positive women with different fertility desires. 06 Mar, 2021 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-4-118.php Purpose: Starting from the concept of “gender dysphoria”, this research aims to find out if there is a correlation between GD and personality disorders. Methods: Having selected the population sample of 255 subjects, having the requirements of age between 18 and 72 years and a declaration of perceived transsexuality, in transition or final, and domiciled in Italy for at least 5 years regardless of citizenship and nationality, it was decided to proceed with the clinical interview and administration of the PICI-1 (TA). It was considered unnecessary to administer the MMPI-II, as a previous study by the same author has demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of the test. Results: Using the PICI-1, the following data emerged during the clinical interview: 1) The female population sample (FM) is smaller and more difficult to find; moreover, the perception of one’s transsexuality, as well as the desire to change one’s gender occurs in 100% (40/40) of cases before the age of 36. 2) The sample of the male population (MF) is more consistent and reports 84.13% (179/211) perceived or acted on the change before the age of 36. 3) The total population sample of 255 subjects had 97.5% (250/255) at least 5 dysfunctional personality traits among the disorders of PICI-1 cluster B (TA), i.e. borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, sadistic and masochistic, while 56.55% (145/255) had at least 3 dysfunctional traits among the disorders of PICI-1 cluster A (TA), i.e. anxious, obsessive, depressed, phobic and somatic. Conclusions: The research carried out gave further evidence that 97.5% (250/255) at least 5 dysfunctional personality traits among the disorders of PICI-1 cluster B (TA), i.e. borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, sadistic and masochistic, while 56.55% (145/255) had at least 3 dysfunctional traits among the disorders of PICI-1 cluster A (TA), i.e. anxious, obsessive, depressed, phobic and somatic. However, in the future, studies are expected that subject children between the ages of 2 and 6 who already have the first dysphoric symptomatology to MRI and electroencephalogram every six months, following them up to adulthood, to understand if the anomalies represented are already present or not, and from that point begin to reason about the subject’s sexual evolution. Furthermore, a series of researches focused on a relevant and significant statistical sample is hoped, to be able to reconstruct the genesis of dysphoria and understand the exact incidence of serious psychopathological forms (including indirectly related disorders, such as paraphilias and different orientations sexual) and whether these are etiological factors, contributing factors or consequences of the primary condition, also and above all concerning the neurobiological and endocrinological clinical profiles. 31 Dec, 2020 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-3-117.php Background: As at the end of August 2020, the coronavirus disease outbreak has hit more than 50,000 across all the 36 states of Nigeria. Whilst the federal government declared contraception an essential service that can continue to be assessed from health facilities, the fear of contracting the disease and stigma associated to facility visits limit the visit of women to health facilities. Given this issue, the role of community health volunteers trained to provide family planning products and services to women in communities becomes very important. A poor understanding of the disease and its transmission routes among these health volunteers may affect continuous uptake of family planning services and result to spread of the infection in communities. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and perception of community health volunteers of family planning services towards COVID-19 disease in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional, web-based study was conducted among community health volunteers of family planning services about COVID-19. A 19-item survey instrument was developed and distributed randomly among the volunteers using Survey Solutions weblink. The questionnaire requires between 5 to 10 minutes to complete. A chi-square test was used to investigate the level of association among variables, with significance set at 95%CI. The analysis of variance and independent t-test was used to test significant difference among socio-demographic variables with respect to knowledge and perception scores. Significance is also set at 95% CI. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 366 volunteers out of 832 volunteers offering family planning services in communities. The average age of the respondents was 31.63 ± 7.60 years with majority within the age band of 28–37 years, 288(78.7%) were females, 200(54.6%) were married, 304(83.1%) have tertiary educational qualification and 131(35.8%) were CHEWs, 30(8.2%) were Nurses. Most participant 344 (82%) had a good knowledge of the disease and the average knowledge score was 10.40 ± 1.46 out of a total score of 12. Majority also had a positive (right) perception towards COVID-19 disease 331(90.4%) and the average perception score was 27.77 ± 3.22 out of a total of 35 score. There is a positive correlation (r=0.212**, p=0.000) between knowledge and perception towards COVID-19 disease. Conclusions: As the increasing number of COVID-19 cases continue to disrupt continuous uptake of family planning services, it is essential to improve the knowledge and perception of the community health volunteers. This improvement in knowledge and perception will ensure adequate precautions are taken to avoid the spread of the disease in communities. Educational Interventions are obviously needed to reach all healthcare including those offering services in communities. 30 Oct, 2020 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-3-116.php Background: Contraception usage helps in preventing unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions as well as avoiding sexually transmitted disease including HIV. This study was aimed to determine the contraception prevalence and its influencing factors among mothers receiving abortion services in Orotta Maternity Hospital. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study, 250 mothers receiving abortion services in Orotta national referral maternity and teaching hospital were surveyed over a period of three months, December 2018 through February, 2019. Patient demographic and obstetric data were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to identify factors influencing contraception usage using SPSS (Version 22.0). Results: The prevalence of contraception usage was 26.4 %. Young mothers aged less than 31 years (P value: 0.029), and those who were primigravida (P value: 0.004) were more likely to use contraception (p value 0.03). Conclusion: Contraception usage rate was low in the current study. Better family planning systems and more counselling opportunities are needed to scale up the usage of contraception. 03 Oct, 2020 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-3-115.php This work focuses on the theme of “dysfunctional sexual behaviors” and in particular on clinical, psychopathological, and anatomy physiological elements, to fully understand the different grades of the behavior under consideration: hypersexuality, persistent sexual arousal disorder, and sex addiction. The work is completed with an analysis of the etiological elements and the best treatments, emphasizing the clinical importance of the use of pornography in sexual addictions. 15 Sep, 2020 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-3-114.php The utilization of Sexual and Reproductive Health by adolescents is determined by a myriad of factors. This research conducted between August 2017 and May 2018 analyzes the determinants of HIV prevention amongst adolescents in Zimbabwe. Qualitative and qualitative research methods were triangulated. A total of 200 questionnaires were administered to adolescents aged 15-19 years to collect quantitative data. The study conducted Focus group discussions and Key informant interviews to solicit qualitative data. The findings showed that, a significant number of adolescents were engaging in sexual activities. Adolescents were aware of most of HIV prevention methods: however their knowledge was not being translated into utilization of these methods. This was influenced by a lot of factors at individual, interpersonal, organization, community and national levelsLow uptake of prevention services was mainly attributed to high cost, low awareness, lack of proper knowledge about the benefits of the services. Recommendations were also offered to service on how HIV prevention services uptake can be improved amongst adolescents. 27 Jun, 2020 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-3-113.php This work focuses on the theme of gender dysphoria and in particular on clinical, psychopathological and anatomy physiological elements, to understand if there are substantial elements to suppose the neurophysiological diversity between a dysphoric people and a not-dysphoric people, and therefore understand if these are the differences which cause the dysphoric condition or whether the dysphoric condition shapes the anatomy and physiology of the brain by inducing changes. 11 Jun, 2020 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-3-112.php This work focuses on the study of neurobiological profiles in terms of sexual orientation, in order to carefully evaluate the possible correlations between anatomical and physiological elements and sexual preferences, intended as a voluntary choice, position conditioned by biology or the environment, or by a set of factors. Neurobiological evidence, in tune with socio-cultural and political positions, underlines the need to consider clinical hypotheses related to not-heterosexual preferences, with a whole series of exceptions. 22 May, 2020 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-3-111.php Two and a half decades after the International Conference on Population and Development in 1994, access to Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) services by young people is very low, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) despite the increasing resources being targeted at addressing the SRH needs of young people. 24 Apr, 2020 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-3-110.php Background: After the universal two-child policy in China, the Second-Birth Fertility Desire (SBFD) has aroused widespread concern. There have been some research on SBFD, however, current reports on social factors and SBFD are not detailed. The objective was to investigate the impact of social factors on SBFD and to explore correlation between them. Methods: By stratified sampling, 436 married women who had one child from urban area in Zhejiang province had completed the questionnaires in 2017. Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) was performed to clarify the relationship between SBFD and socioeconomic factors such as Socioeconomic Status (SES). 10 Mar, 2020 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-3-109.php Objective: This is was qualitative descriptive study exploring the factors that affect the utilisation of family planning services among youth 18-24years in rural Budaka district in Uganda. This article explores the factors affecting the utilization of family planning services among youth (18-24years) at community level in rural Budaka district, Uganda. 05 Mar, 2020 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-3-108.php Introduction: Peyronie’s disease is an acquired fibrosis of the corpora cavernosa which causes deformation of the penis and represents one of the causes of erectile insufficiency with serious consequences for the life of a couple. The diagnosis is clinical and the treatment is medico-surgical. Objective: Evaluation of the sexuality of patients with Peyronie’s disease.  Patients and methods: This prospective study occured from February 2017 to December 2019 including patients suffering all from Peyronie’s Disease (PD). The IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function), EHS (Erection Hardness Score) and T LUE scores were used to assess erectile function and the severity of PD. The pre-established data were: Age, co-morbidities, delays, medical background, the onset mode, data from the penis examination in the flaccid state and in erection, general examination and therapeutic management. 02 Nov, 2019 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-2-107.php Background: The use of drugs during pregnancy calls for special attention because the health and life of unborn child has great value in addition to the mother. The drugs given to pregnant mothers for therapeutic purposes may cause serious structural and functional adverse effects in the developing child. The aim of this study was to assess drug use and its associated factors among pregnant women in Bahir Dar city administration. 30 Aug, 2019 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-2-106.php Background: Young peoples’ knowledge on sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHRs) is essential in exercising these rights. Knowledge about SRHRs helps tackling of neglected issues, such as adolescent sexuality, gender based violence, and unsafe abortion. But little is known about tshe level of knowledge and the important predictors in the study area, therefore this study was done to fi ll this information gap. 03 Aug, 2019 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-2-105.php Background: Pregnancy termination is a major public health globally in the highly important for maternal mortality. In this study, we have assessed cross-sectional data from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey to identify the occurrence of pregnancy termination and its risk factors from various women socioeconomic and demographic and characteristics. 14 Mar, 2019 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-2-104.php Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used over counter drugs in Pakistan. Unjustified use of PPI is increasing .One concern of their use is spermatogenesis and male fertility. Objective: To observe the detrimental effects of proton pump inhibitors on various parameters of semen of younger individuals of Hyderabad sindh Pakistan. Duration of study: 1st June to 25thDec 2017. Place of study: private Clinics of sadder Hyderabad sindh Pakistan. 15 Feb, 2019 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-2-103.php Introduction: Birth preparedness and complication readiness is the big pillar in the process of planning for normal delivery and seeking interventions if there is an obstetric emergency. Since Maternal mortality is a public health challenge Globally, different effort were applied from government as well as nongovernmental organization. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted from September 15,2017 to October 15,2017 in Arba Minch town governmental Institutions. A total of 421 pregnant mothers were involved and study subjects were selected by systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 23 statistical soft ware package for cleaning, coding and analysis. Descriptive statistics was done to assess basic client characteristics. Factors that show association in Bivariable analysis was entered in to Multivariable logistic regression models. The strength of statistical association was measured by adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. 23 Apr, 2018 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-1-102.php Objective: To assess the reproductive outcome after hysteroscopic septal resection in women with unexplained infertility or recurrent miscarriage. Design: Prospective clinical trial. Setting: Zagazig university hospitals, Egypt. 12 Apr, 2018 https://www.reprodgroup.us/articles/IJSRHC-1-101.php Sexual intercourse is a union between two people of different sexual acting in a social context in accordance with their physiological and psychological needs. Sexual relationship provides a physical closeness which gives the comfort and support which is essential for all relationships.